Antibiotic resistance phenomenon and its evolution

Author: Irakli Janashia
Keywords: Antibiotic resisatance, Bacteria
Annotation:

Antibiotic resistance is regarded as a global challenge, this phenomenon has negative impact on successive medical use of various pharmaceutical antibiotics. It becomes crucial to know steps of antibiotic resistance gene emergence. Bacteria can acquire antibiotic resistance using different mechanisms. It is clear now that evolution and spread of antibiotic resistance genes worldwide is conditioned by anthropogenic factors. However, appears that antibiotic resistance is ancient phenomenon and occurs in nature in different occasions. Knowledge of this phenomenon is keeping advancing and nowadays vast number and types of genes encoding antibiotic resistance are known. Resistance is even more important since encoding genes often are transferable even among different bacterial species. Indeed study of evolutionary insights of antibiotic resistance emergence can guarantee possibility to design potent preventive approaches for medical applications. Presented review describes antibiotic resistance mechanisms, conditions provoking and affecting emergence and spread of this phenomenon in nature.